Electricity & Magnetism Calculators — Ohm's Law & Circuits
Solve Ohm's law (V = IR), Coulomb's law, and series/parallel circuit problems. Calculate current, resistance, capacitance, electric fields, and magnetic forces.
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Understanding Electricity & Magnetism
Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single fundamental force — electromagnetism. Electric charges produce electric fields, and moving charges (currents) produce magnetic fields. Ohm's law (V = IR) governs the simplest circuits: a 9 V battery connected to a 3 Ω resistor drives a 3 A current and dissipates 27 W of power. These basic relationships scale up to analyze complex circuits with series and parallel combinations, capacitors, and inductors.
Coulomb's law describes the force between stationary charges with the same inverse-square form as gravity: F = kq<sub>1</sub>q<sub>2</sub>/r². Electric fields map these forces across space, and when charges move through fields they gain kinetic energy — the direct link between electromagnetism and energy, work & power. A single electron accelerated through 1 V gains 1.6 × 10¹&sup8; J of kinetic energy (one electron-volt).
Magnetic forces act on moving charges and current-carrying wires, governed by F = qvB sin(θ). This connection between electricity and magnetism underpins motors, generators, and electromagnetic waves. Our optics & light calculators explore what happens when oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagate through space as light.